(Onani: Zithunzi za Zinyama)

Mkango umatchedwa mfumu ya m’nkhalango ndipo ndi cholengedwa chochititsa chidwi cha nyama zonse. Kupatula pa chilengedwe, ilinso ndi malo apadera m'nthano monga mkango wamapiko.
Nthano za mkango wamapiko ndizofala m'zikhalidwe zambiri, makamaka m'nthano za Mesopotamiya, Perisiya, ndi Aigupto. Mkango wamapiko ndi cholengedwa chanthano, chomwe chimadziwika m'madera ena monga Griffin - cholengedwa chokhala ndi mkango ndi chiwombankhanga.

Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzojambula zojambula ndi ziboliboli, makamaka ngati ziboliboli za mkango wamapiko, m'mabuku, ngakhalenso zojambulidwa pa mbendera. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amadziwa zizindikiro za mkango, zomwe zimayimira kulimba mtima, kulemekezeka, mafumu, mphamvu, kukongola ndi kusachita mantha, si ambiri omwe amadziwa za zizindikiro za mkango wamapiko.

Ngakhale pali tanthauzo losiyana la mkango wokhala ndi mapiko azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, mkango wokhala ndi mapiko umadziwika kwambiri ngati griffin. Kuyambira nthawi zakale, Mkango wa Saint Mark ndi mkango wamapiko womwe umayimira Saint Mark the Evangelist, woyang'anira Venice. Chizindikiro cha St. Mark ndi cholengedwa cha mphungu-mkango, chomwe ndi chizindikiro chachikhalidwe cha Venice ndipo poyamba chinali cha Republic of Venice.
Zimayimira kudziwika komweko komanso kwapadera ndi mphamvu. Koma kodi mkango umaphiphiritsiranso chiyani, kodi mkango wamapiko umatchedwa chiyani, ndipo tanthauzo la mkango wamapiko ndi lotani?

(Onani: Zithunzi za Zinyama)

Kodi Mkango Wamapiko Umatchedwa Chiyani?

M'nthano zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Greek, cholengedwa chongopeka mkango ndi mapiko - ndi thupi la mkango, mutu wa mphungu ndi mapiko amatchedwa griffin. Cholengedwa champhamvu chimenechi chikuimira kulamulira dziko lapansi ndi kumwamba ndipo n’chogwirizana ndi mphamvu ndi nzeru. Griffin inali yodziwika kwambiri komanso yokongola kwambiri ku Middle East ndi dera la Mediterranean

Ngakhale palibe nthawi yolembedwa yoyambira griffin ngati chizindikiro cha zojambulajambula, mwina idachokera ku Levant m'zaka za zana la 2 BC. Pofika m’zaka za m’ma 1400 B.C.E., zolengedwa zodabwitsazi zinali zitafalikira ku Western Asia ndi ku Greece ponse paŵiri m’zojambula ndi ziboliboli.
Mkango wokhala ndi mapiko unapatsa anthu chizindikiro cha kukongola, mphamvu, ndi mphamvu. Mkango wamapiko mu nthano zachigiriki ukadali wamphamvu pakutchuka.

Mapiko a Mkango Symbolism

Chizindikiro cha mkango wamapiko chimapezeka m'zikhalidwe zingapo. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha mkango wamapiko ndi cha woyera mtima, mlaliki, ndi Marko Woyera. Chizindikiro chanthanochi chimakhala ndi mkango wokhala ndi mapiko ngati mbalame.
Kupatula kukhala chizindikiro chachikhalidwe cha Venice, tanthauzo la mkango wamapiko limayimiranso nzeru, chidziwitso ndi lupanga lomwe limayimira chizindikiro cha chilungamo padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale ulibe tanthauzo lalamulo kapena ndale, mkango wamapiko uli ndi chiyambi chodziwika komanso chachipembedzo.

Mkango wokhala ndi mapiko ndi chizindikiro cha malo otchuka oyendera alendo omwe ndi mzinda wakunyanja wa Venice, wakale wa Serenissima Republic, manispala, chigawochi, komanso dera la Veneto ku Italy. Ilinso gawo la zida zankhondo zankhondo zaku Italy.
Komanso, mkango wopeka uwu wokhala ndi mapiko wafalikira m'mabwalo ndi nyumba zakale zamizinda yonse yomwe ikulamulidwa ndi Serenissima Republic. Mkango wokhala ndi mapiko umapezekanso pa mabaji a Venetian a ntchito za boma, zankhondo, ndi zachipembedzo, ponse paŵiri pa mbendera ndi pa ndalama.

Pakhala pali zithunzi zambiri zodziwika za mkango wamapiko m'mbiri yonse padziko lonse lapansi. Ikhoza kupezeka m'mabuku, mu ziboliboli za mkango wamapiko, mikango ya griffin yokhala ndi mapiko ndi zina zotero. Werengani kuti mudziwe zambiri za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthano za mkango wamapiko

Mkango Wamapiko waku Venice

(Onani: Zithunzi za Zinyama)

Mkango wamapiko wa Venice ndi umodzi mwa mikango yodziwika bwino yanthano yokhala ndi mapiko m'mbiri ya anthu. Ndi chizindikiro cha St. Mark, Evangelist, yemwenso anali Mtumwi. Mark Woyera amatengedwa kuti ndi woyera mtima wa Venice thupi lake litabedwa m'manda ku Alexandria, Egypt.
Chizindikiro cha St. Mark, Mkango wa ku Venice ndi chiboliboli chakale chokhala ndi mapiko amkuwa ku Piazza San Marco ku Venice, Italy. Chojambulacho chili pamwamba pa mizati iwiri yayikulu ya granite pa Square, yomwe ili ndi zizindikiro zakale za oyera mtima awiri a mzindawo.

Chifaniziro cha mkango wamapikowa ndi gulu la zidutswa zosiyanasiyana zamkuwa zomwe zidapangidwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Yakhala ikugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zokonzanso ndi kukonza kambirimbiri. Malinga ndi kunena kwa akatswiri a mbiri yakale, chiboliboli choyambiriracho chiyenera kuti chinali chosiyana kwambiri ndi chithunzi chamakono. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Chikhristu chisanayambe, mkango sungakhale ndi chiyanjano ndi Marko Woyera.

The Griffin

(Onani: Zithunzi za Zinyama)

Griffin nthawi ina ankaonedwa ngati chizindikiro chachikhristu cha malingaliro a Tchalitchi pa mabungwe a ukwati. Linaimiranso Yesu Kristu panthaŵi ina m’mbiri. Griffin ndi cholengedwa chanthano chokhala ndi thupi, mchira ndi miyendo yakumbuyo ya mkango, yopangidwa ndi mutu ndi mapiko a mphungu; nthawi zina imasonyezedwa ndi minyanga ya chiwombankhanga ngati mapazi ake akutsogolo.
Pakhala pali matanthauzo angapo a zizindikiro za Griffin, ngakhale kuti zimayimira mphamvu, ufumu ndi kulimba mtima.

Koma Griffin amaimira chiyani? Eya, pofika m’zaka za m’ma Middle Ages, chizindikiro cha chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi thupi la mkango chinalingaliridwa kukhala chinthu champhamvu ndi champhamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake chinali chophweka: mkango wakhala ukutengedwa ngati mfumu ya dziko ndi chiwombankhanga mfumu ya mlengalenga, kupanga Griffin kukhala cholengedwa cholamulira ndi chochititsa mantha.

Griffin ndi imodzi mwazopeka zodziwika bwino zachi Greek. Chizindikiro cha mkango wachiroma chokhala ndi mapiko chinagwirizanitsidwanso ndi mulungu wadzuwa Apollo, popeza chinali champhamvu ngati dzuŵa ndipo chinali choyenera kuopa ndi kulemekezedwa. M'malemba angapo achi Greek ndi Aroma, ma griffins adalumikizidwa ndi golide ku Central Asia.

Mkango Wamapiko wa Lamassu

(Onani: Zithunzi za Zinyama)

Chizindikiro cha Lamassu poyamba chinkawonetsedwa ngati mulungu wamkazi m'nthawi ya Sumeri ndipo ankatchedwa Lamma. Komabe, m’nthaŵi za Asuri ankasonyezedwa ngati mtundu wosakanizidwa wa munthu ndi mbalame yokhala ndi ng’ombe kapena mkango. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi thupi la ng'ombe kapena mkango wamapiko, ndi mapiko a mbalame ndipo imatchedwa Lamassu. M'mabuku ena, chizindikirocho chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mulungu wamkazi.

Linaimira nzeru ndi mphamvu. Mapiko a chiwombankhanga amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mulungu dzuŵa amene amalamulira ndi kukulitsa mbali za mkango, pamene mutu wa munthu ukuimira luntha la mkango wamapiko. Mkango wokhala ndi mapiko uli ndi tanthauzo lauzimu ndipo nthawi zambiri umagwirizanitsidwa ndi milungu ingapo ndi yaikazi m'zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.