Dziko la Southern Netherlands, limene linakhalabe pansi pa ulamuliro wa Spanish, Roma Katolika, linathandiza kwambiri kufalitsa ziboliboli za mtundu wa Baroque ku Northern Europe. Bungwe la Contrareformation la Roma Katolika linafuna kuti akatswiri ojambula zithunzi azijambula zithunzi ndi ziboliboli m’matchalitchi amene amalankhula ndi anthu osaphunzira osati odziwa zambiri. Contrareformation inagogomezera mfundo zina za chiphunzitso chachipembedzo, zomwe zinachititsa kuti mipando ina ya tchalitchi, monga ya kuulula machimo, ikhale yofunika kwambiri. Zochitika zimenezi zinachititsa chiwonjezeko chachikulu cha kufunikira kwa ziboliboli zachipembedzo ku Southern Netherlands.[17] Ntchito yofunikira idaseweredwa ndi wosemasema waku Brussels François Duquesnoy yemwe adagwira ntchito yake yambiri ku Rome. Kalembedwe kake ka Baroque kozama kwambiri koyandikira kachitidwe ka Classicism ka Bernini kanafalikira ku Southern Netherlands kudzera mwa mchimwene wake Jerôme Duquesnoy (II) ndi amisiri ena a Flemish omwe adaphunzira mu msonkhano wake ku Roma monga Rombaut Pauwels ndipo mwina Artus Quellinus Mkulu. 18] [19]
Wosema ziboli wotchuka kwambiri anali Artus Quellinus Wamkulu, wa m’banja la anthu osemasema ndi openta otchuka, ndi msuweni ndi mbuye wa wosemasema wina wotchuka wa ku Flemish, Artus Quellinus the Younger. Wobadwira ku Antwerp, adakhala ku Roma komwe adadziwa zosemasema za Baroque komanso za mnzake François Duquesnoy. Atabwerera ku Antwerp mu 1640, anabwera ndi masomphenya atsopano a ntchito ya wosema. Wosemayo sanakhalenso wojambula zokongoletsera koma mlengi wa zojambulajambula zonse zomwe zigawo za zomangamanga zinasinthidwa ndi ziboliboli. Mipando ya tchalitchi idakhala nthawi yopangira nyimbo zazikulu, zophatikizidwa mkati mwa tchalitchi.[4] Kuyambira 1650 kupita mtsogolo, Quellinus anagwira ntchito kwa zaka 15 paholo yatsopano ya mzinda wa Amsterdam pamodzi ndi wojambula wamkulu Jacob van Campen. Panopa amatchedwa Royal Palace pa Damu, ntchito yomangayi, makamaka zokongoletsera za miyala ya nsangalabwi zomwe iye ndi malo ake ogwirira ntchito adapanga, zidakhala chitsanzo kwa nyumba zina ku Amsterdam. Gulu la ojambula zithunzi lomwe Artus ankayang'anira pa ntchito yake pa holo ya mzinda wa Amsterdam linaphatikizapo osema ambiri, makamaka ochokera ku Flanders, omwe adzakhale otsogola mwa iwo okha monga msuweni wake Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers ndi Gabriël Grupello ndipo mwinamwake. komanso Grinling Gibbons. Pambuyo pake amafalitsa mawu ake a Baroque ku Dutch Republic, Germany ndi England. [20] [21] Wojambula wina wofunika kwambiri wa Flemish Baroque anali Lucas Fayderbe (1617-1697) yemwe anali wochokera ku Mechelen, likulu lachiwiri lofunika kwambiri la chosema cha Baroque ku Southern Netherlands. Anaphunzitsidwa ku Antwerp mu msonkhano wa Rubens ndipo adagwira ntchito yaikulu pa kufalikira kwa chosema cha High Baroque ku Southern Netherlands.[22]
Ngakhale kuti dziko la Southern Netherlands lidawona kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa zotulutsa ndi mbiri ya sukulu yake yopenta mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 17, chosema chinalowa m'malo mwa kupaka kufunikira, mothandizidwa ndi zofuna zapakhomo ndi zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zazikulu, zapamwamba. zotsatira za maphunziro angapo a mabanja ku Antwerp. Makamaka, zokambirana za Quellinus, Jan ndi Robrecht Colyn de Nole, Jan ndi Cornelis van Mildert, Hubrecht ndi Norbert van den Eynde, Peter I, Peter II ndi Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen, Willem ndi Willem Ignatius Kerricx, Pieter Scheemaeckers ndi Lodewijk Willemsen ziboliboli zambiri kuphatikizapo mipando ya tchalitchi, zipilala za maliro ndi chosema chaching'ono chojambulidwa muminyanga ya njovu ndi matabwa olimba monga boxwood.[17] Pomwe Artus Quellinus Wamkulu adayimira Baroque yapamwamba, gawo losangalatsa kwambiri la Baroque lomwe limatchedwa mochedwa Baroque lidayamba kuyambira 1660s. Mkati mwa gawoli ntchitozo zidakhala zisudzo kwambiri, zowonetsedwa kudzera muzithunzithunzi zachipembedzo komanso zokongoletsa zowoneka bwino.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-16-2022