MAU OYAMBA

Akasupe akhala alipo kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ndipo asintha kuchoka ku magwero wamba a madzi akumwa kupita ku ntchito zaluso ndi zomangira zaluso. Kuchokera ku Agiriki akale ndi Aroma mpaka ambuye a Renaissance,Akasupe amiyalazakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa malo a anthu onse, kukondwerera zochitika zofunika, ngakhalenso kupereka zosangalatsa.

Chiyambi Chakale cha Akasupe

Ulendo wathu wa kasupe umayamba m'zaka zakale. Mangani malamba anu oyenda paulendo pomwe tikubwerera kumadera akale monga Mesopotamiya, Egypt, ndi Indus Valley. Anthu anzeru awa amadziwa kanthu kapena ziwiri za kuphatikiza luso ndi magwiridwe antchito.

Ku Mesopotamiya, pafupifupi zaka zikwi zisanu zapitazo, makolo athu anamanga akasupe akale kwambiri odziwika. Akasupe akale kwambiri odziwika anali mabeseni osavuta amiyala omwe amatunga madzi kuchokera ku akasupe achilengedwe. Akasupe amenewa nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madzi akumwa, komanso ankaonedwa kuti ndi malo opatulika. Mwachitsanzo, ku Greece wakale akasupe ankaperekedwa kwa milungu yamadzi, monga Poseidon ndi Artemi.

KASIMU WA KU IGUPUTO PA KACHISI WA DENDERA

SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA

Tsopano, tiyeni tidumphire ku Igupto wakale, komwe akasupe ankagwira ntchito yodziwika bwino m'makachisi akuluakulu. Aigupto ankalambira milungu yawo mwaulemu, ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti kupereka madzi a m’akasupe amenewa kudzawapatsa madalitso ochuluka kuchokera kwa milunguyo.

Ndipo ponena za milungu, Agiriki akale anatenga awoakasupe a m'mundaku mlingo wotsatira, kuwapatulira kwa nymphs-gulu lokondweretsa la mizimu ya chilengedwe. Ma nymphaeums awa, omwe amakhala m'minda yobiriwira, adakhala malo ochezeramo komanso kuwonetsa mwaluso. Kuphatikiza apo, adawonjezera chidwi kumizinda yakale yachi Greek!

Akasupe Akale ku Greece ndi Roma

Aa, kukongola kwa Girisi ndi Roma! Pamene tikupitiriza ulendo wathu wa kasupe, tikukumana ndi akasupe ochititsa chidwi a zitukuko zakalezi.

Kale ku Girisi, akasupe sanali madzi wamba—anali odabwitsa mwamamangidwe odabwitsa! Agiriki ankakhulupirira kuti akasupe achilengedwe ndi opatulika, choncho anawapanga mwaluso kwambiriakasupe amiyalakulemekeza magwero achinsinsi awa. Tangoganizani mukumwa madzi mu kasupe wa miyala pamene mukuganizira zinsinsi za moyo. Kuzama, sichoncho?

Tsopano, tiyeni tisinthe maganizo athu ku Ufumu wa Roma, kumene luso la Aroma la zomangamanga linalibe malire. Anamanga ngalande zoyenda mtunda wa makilomita ambiri, zomwe zinkabweretsa madzi m’mbali zonse za dera lawo lalikulu. Koma dikirani, pali zambiri! Aroma ankakonda kusonyeza mphamvu zawo, ndipo ndi njira yabwino iti yochitira zimenezo kuposa ndi akasupe a anthu ogwa m’kamwa?

KUKONZEDWA KWA KASIMU WA               YA COURTYARD                                                                                                                                           ] 

SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA

The pièce de resistance? Kasupe wokongola wa Trevi ku Roma. Kukongola kwa baroque kumeneku kukusiyani osalankhula ndi kukongola kwake komanso kukongola kwa zisudzo. Nthano imanena kuti ngati muponya ndalama mu kasupe, mudzatsimikizika kuti mudzabwerera ku Roma tsiku lina. Ndi njira imodzi yopezera tikiti yobwerera ku mzinda wanthawi zonse uwu!

M’zaka za m’ma Middle Ages, akasupe anasiya kugwiritsidwa ntchito m’madera ambiri padziko lapansi. Izi zinali chifukwa cha kutha kwa Ufumu wa Roma, womwe unamanga akasupe akale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Komabe, akasupewo anapulumuka m’madera ena, monga m’mayiko achisilamu, kumene ankapanga minda yokongola komanso yabata.

Akasupe akale ndi achisilamu

Chabwino, nthawi yoti tipite patsogolo kunthawi yapakati, pomwe akatswiri ankhondo ndi atsikana abwino ankayendayenda m'mayiko, ndipo akasupe adatenga maudindo atsopano.

M'zaka zapakati ku Ulaya, nyumba za amonke ndi nyumba zachifumu zinalandira bata la akasupe amiyala. Taganizirani izi: dimba lokhalamo mwamtendere komanso lokongolakasupe wamwala wokongola, kumene amonke angapeze mpumulo ku ntchito zawo zauzimu. Lankhulani za malo abata!

LAVABO AT LE THORONET ABBEY, PROVENCE, (12TH CENTURY)

SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA

Panthawiyi, m'mayiko achilendo a ku Middle East, akasupe a Chisilamu ankakongoletsa nyumba zachifumu ndi mabwalo, owoneka bwino komanso okongola. Kuyanjana kochititsa chidwi kwa madzi ndi kuwala kunkakhulupirira kuti kumaimira chiyero ndi moyo. Choncho, nthawi ina mukadzadabwa ndi kasupe wodabwitsa wa Chisilamu, kumbukirani kuti sikuti ndi kukongola kokha, koma ndi chizindikiro cha uzimu wozama.

Renaissance ndi akasupe a Baroque: Kubwezeretsedwa kwa Art Water

Nthawi ya Renaissance inali nthawi yobadwanso mwaluso kwambiri ku Europe. Nthawi imeneyi inawonanso chitsitsimutso cha akasupe, omwe adakhala ntchito zaluso mwaokha.

KASIMU KU BAKU, AZERBAIJAN

SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA

Ku Italy, mtima wa Renaissance, ena moonaakasupe amwala apaderaanalengedwa. Akasupe ameneŵa nthaŵi zambiri ankakongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli zogometsa ndiponso madzi otuluka m’mitsinje ya akasupe awo amiyala.

Mmodzi mwa akasupe otchuka kwambiri a Renaissance ndi Fontana di Trevi ku Rome. Kasupe uyu ndi mwaluso wa zomangamanga za Baroque ndi chosema. Ndikokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli za milungu yaikazi, yaikazi, ndi zolengedwa za m’nyanja.

Kasupe wina wotchuka wa Renaissance ndi Manneken Pis ku Brussels. Kasupe ameneyu ndi fano laling'ono, lamkuwa la mnyamata wamaliseche akukodzera m'chitsime cha kasupe. Ndi amodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri okopa alendo ku Brussels.

ZITHUNZI CREDIT: STEVEN TIJPEL

Nthawi ya Baroque idawona chitukuko chowonjezereka cha kasupe wa Renaissance. Akasupe a Baroque nthawi zambiri anali akuluakulu komanso apamwamba kuposa akasupe a Renaissance. Zinalinso zamasewera, okhala ndi akasupe omwe amatuluka madzi m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Mmodzi mwa akasupe odziwika bwino a Baroque ndi Kasupe wa Neptune ku Bologna. Kasupe uyu ndi akasupe wamkulu wa nsangalabwichomwe chimasonyeza mulungu Neptune atakwera galeta lokokedwa ndi mahatchi apanyanja.

Kasupe wina wotchuka wa Baroque ndi Kasupe wa Mitsinje Inayi ku Rome. Kasupe ameneyu ndi kasupe wamkulu wa nsangalabwi amene amaonetsa mitsinje inayi: Danube, Nile, Ganges, ndi Rio de la Plata.

Masiku ano, mutha kupezabe akasupe ambiri a Renaissance ndi Baroque padziko lonse lapansi. Akasupe amenewa ndi umboni wa luso la zojambulajambula ndi luso la anthu omwe adawalenga. Amakhalanso chikumbutso cha kufunika kwa madzi mu chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Akasupe ku Asia: Kumene Serenity Imakumana ndi Kukongola

Asia ali ndi mbiri yakale komanso yolemera ya akasupe. Akasupe amenewa amapezeka m’masitayelo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira osavuta mpaka omveka bwino.

Ku India, akasupe nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'minda yachifumu ndi nyumba zachifumu zazikulu. Iziakasupe a m'mundakaŵirikaŵiri amapangidwa ndi miyala ya nsangalabwi ndipo amakongoletsedwa ndi miyala yosema yodabwitsa kwambiri. Amapangidwa kuti apange mgwirizano ndi mtendere.

Ku China, akasupe nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'minda yakale. Akasupe amenewa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi miyala ndipo amapangidwa kuti azisakanikirana ndi chilengedwe. Amapangidwa kuti apange lingaliro loyenera komanso Zen.

Ku Japan, akasupe nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi nsungwi. Akasupe awa amadziwika kuti "shishi-odoshi" kapena "zowopsyeza agwape." Amapangidwa kuti apange phokoso lomveka lomwe limawopseza nswala.

Masiku ano, mungapeze akasupe mumitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku Asia konse. Akasupe amenewa ndi chikumbutso cha kufunikira kwa madzi mu chikhalidwe cha ku Asia.

SHISHI ODOSHI MU MUNDA WA ZEN

Akasupe mu Nyengo Yamakono: Madzi, Zojambulajambula, ndi Zatsopano

Nyengo yamakono yawona kusintha kwatsopano mu kasupe kamangidwe. Akasupe awa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zida zatsopano ndipo amaphatikiza umisiri watsopano.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zatsopanoakasupe amakonondi Bellagio Fountains ku Las Vegas. Akasupe awa ndi chiwonetsero chamadzi cholumikizidwa chomwe chimakhala ndi nyimbo, magetsi, ndi ma jets amadzi.

(White Marble Fountain Basin)

Wina nzerukasupe wamakonondi Cloud Gate ku Chicago. Kasupeyu ndi chosema chachikulu, chosapanga dzimbiri chofanana ndi nyemba zazikulu. Ndi malo otchuka okopa alendo komanso chizindikiro cha Chicago.

Masiku ano, akasupe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuchokera kumalo a anthu kupita ku nyumba za anthu. Iwo ndi chikumbutso cha kukongola ndi kufunika kwa madzi.

Akasupe Odziwika: Madzi Amtengo Wapatali Padziko Lonse

Pamene tikuyandikira kasupe wa ulendo wathu, sitingaphonye kuwona akasupe ena odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Madzi amtengo wapataliwa asiya chidwi chokhalitsa pa anthu, kudutsa nthawi ndi malo.

Dziyerekezeni muli pa Minda yochititsa chidwi ya Versailles ku France, mutaimirira pamaso pa Kasupe wamkulu wa Neptune. Chokongoletsedwa ndi zolengedwa zongopeka za m'nyanja ndi madzi otuluka, chodabwitsa ichikasupe wakunjazikuwonetsa kutukuka kwa mafumu aku France. Kulibonya mbuli mbomukonzya kumvwa kuti mwanjila mucibalo eeci.

KASIMU WA BWALO LA mikango KU ALHAMBRA (ZAKA ZA 14th Century)

SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA

Tsopano, tiyeni tipite ku Alhambra yochititsa chidwi ku Spain, komwe Khoti la Mikango likuwonetsa zodabwitsa.mwala kasupe beseni. Ndi kasupe wapabwaloli wocholoŵana chocholoŵana wa geometric, kasupe wa bwaloli akusonyeza kugwirizana kwa chilengedwe ndi luso, kuchititsa alendo ochita chidwi ndi kukongola kwake kosatha.

Pamene tikuwoloka nyanja kupita ku United States, tinakumana ndi Kasupe wochititsa chidwi wa Bethesda Terrace ku Central Park, New York City. Chojambulachi chamagulu awiri, chopangidwa ndi ziboliboli zochititsa chidwi komanso chozunguliridwa ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira za pakiyi, ndi malo okondedwa ochitira misonkhano ndi chizindikiro cha anthu.

Akasupe odziŵika bwino ameneŵa amachitira umboni wanzeru za anthu, kawonekedwe kaluso, ndi kulemekeza kukongola kwa madzi. Kukopa kwawo kukupitilizabe kulimbikitsa akatswiri ojambula, omanga nyumba, ndi okonda akasupe padziko lonse lapansi.

Udindo wa Akasupe Masiku Ano: Kukumbatira Kukongola ndi Kukhazikika

M'zaka za zana la 21, akasupe atenga maudindo atsopano, akuphatikiza kukongola komanso kukhazikika. Sizinthu zokongoletsera zokha; ndi mawu aluso, chidwi zachilengedwe, ndi kupititsa patsogolo mizinda.

M'mizinda yodzaza anthu ambiri, masiku anoakasupe akunjazakhala malo ofunika kwambiri, kusonkhanitsa anthu kuti azigoma ndi kukongola kwawo ndikuchita nawo nthawi ya bata mkati mwa chipwirikiti cha mtawuni. Mitsinje yam'tawuniyi imakhala ndi akasupe amiyala apadera, okongoletsedwa ndi zinthu zamakono monga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena magalasi onyezimira, kuphatikiza miyambo ndi zatsopano.

FONTANA DELLA BARCACCIA, (1627)

Pakadali pano, akasupe amkati alowa m'nyumba, maofesi, komanso malo osamalira thanzi. Ankasupe wamkatiimatha kupanga malo otonthoza, kukuthandizani kupumula pambuyo pa tsiku lalitali ndikukupatsani mpumulo ku zovuta za moyo. Ndi mapangidwe ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku akasupe a miyala ya marble kupita ku akasupe amiyala a chic, mutha kupeza kasupe wamkati wamkati kuti agwirizane ndi malo anu ndi mawonekedwe anu.

Pamene tikuyesetsa kuti dziko likhale lobiriwira, opanga akasupe aphatikiza umisiri wothandiza zachilengedwe. Kututa madzi a mvula, mapampu oyendera mphamvu ya dzuŵa, ndi njira zoyendetsera bwino madzi zozunguliranso zakhala mbali zofunika kwambiri za akasupe amakono. Njira zokhazikikazi sizimangoteteza madzi komanso zikuwonetsa kudzipereka kwathu pakuteteza chilengedwe ku mibadwo yamtsogolo