Mawu Oyamba

(Ng'ombe Yokwera ndi Chojambula Chopanda Mantha cha Atsikana ku New York)

Zojambula zamkuwa ndi zina mwazojambula zodziwika bwino komanso zokhalitsa padziko lonse lapansi. Zitha kupezeka m'malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, m'mapaki, ndi m'magulu achinsinsi padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyambira nthawi zakale za Agiriki ndi Aroma mpaka lero, ziboliboli zazing'ono ndi zazikulu zamkuwa zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kukondwerera ngwazi, kukumbukira zochitika zakale, ndikungobweretsa kukongola kudera lathu.

Tiyeni tione zina mwa ziboliboli zodziwika bwino za mkuwa padziko lonse lapansi. Tikambirana mbiri yawo, omwe adawalenga, komanso kufunika kwawo. Tionanso msika wa ziboliboli zamkuwa, ndi komwe mungapeze ziboliboli zamkuwa zogulitsa.

Kotero kaya ndinu okonda mbiri yakale kapena mumangoyamikira kukongola kwa chosema chopangidwa bwino cha mkuwa, nkhaniyi ndi yanu.

Chifaniziro cha Umodzi

Chifaniziro cha Umodzi ku Gujarat, India, ndi chodabwitsa cha mkuwa chochititsa mantha komanso chachitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chomwe chili mamita 182 (597 feet). Kupereka ulemu kwa Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, wofunikira kwambiri pagulu lodziyimira pawokha la India, zikuwonetsa mwaluso wodabwitsa.

Kulemera kwa matani 2,200, ofanana ndi ndege zazikulu 5, kumasonyeza kukongola kwa chiboliboli ndi luso laumisiri. Mtengo wopangira chiboliboli chachikulu cha mkuwachi unafika pafupifupi 2,989 crore Indian rupees (pafupifupi madola 400 miliyoni aku US), kutsindika kudzipereka kwa boma polemekeza cholowa cha Patel.

Ntchito yomangayi, yomwe idatenga zaka zinayi kuti ithe, idafika pachimake pakuvumbulutsidwa kwapoyera pa Okutobala 31, 2018, mogwirizana ndi tsiku lokumbukira kubadwa kwa Patel kwa zaka 143. Chifaniziro cha Umodzi chikuyimira ngati chizindikiro cha mgwirizano, mphamvu, ndi mzimu wokhalitsa wa India, kukopa alendo mamiliyoni ambiri monga chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale.

Ngakhale kuti Chifaniziro Choyambirira cha Umodzi sichifanizo chamkuwa chomwe chilipo chogulitsidwa, chikadali chipilala chofunika kwambiri cha chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale chomwe chimakopa alendo ochokera padziko lonse lapansi. Kukhalapo kwake kwapamwamba, kapangidwe kake kodabwitsa, komanso zowona zochititsa chidwi zimapangitsa kukhala ulemu wodabwitsa kwa mtsogoleri wolemekezeka komanso wodabwitsa wamipangidwe yoyenera kudziwonera nokha.

L'Homme Au Doigt

(Akuloza Munthu)

L'Homme au doigt, yopangidwa ndi wojambula waku Switzerland Alberto Giacometti, ndi chojambula chachikulu chamkuwa chomwe chili pakhomo la Fondation Maeght ku Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France.

Zojambula zamkuwazi ndi zazitali mamita 3.51 (mamita 11.5) ndipo zikusonyeza munthu wowonda ndi dzanja lotambasula lolozera kutsogolo. Kupanga mwaluso kwa Giacometti ndikuwunika mitu yomwe ilipo zikuwonekera muzatali zazojambulazo.

Ngakhale mawonekedwe ake, chosemacho chimalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 230 (mapaundi 507), kuwonetsa kulimba komanso mawonekedwe. Ngakhale mtengo weniweni wopangira sudziwikabe, ntchito za Giacometti zakwera mtengo pamsika wa zaluso, pomwe "L'Homme au Doigt" idachita mbiri mu 2015 ngati chosema chokwera mtengo kwambiri chomwe chidagulitsidwa pamsika $141.3 miliyoni.

Ndi chikhalidwe chake komanso zojambulajambula, chosemacho chikupitiriza kulimbikitsa ndi kukopa alendo, kuyitanitsa kulingalira ndi kulingalira.

Woganiza

"The Thinker," kapena "Le Penseur" m'Chifalansa, ndi chosema chojambulidwa ndi Auguste Rodin, chowonetsedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza Musée Rodin ku Paris. Chojambula chaluso chimenechi chimasonyeza munthu amene wakhala pansi wokhazikika m’kusinkhasinkha, yemwe amadziwika ndi tsatanetsatane wake wocholoŵana ndi kukopa mphamvu ya malingaliro a munthu.

Rodin adadzipereka zaka zingapo kuti apange "The Thinker", kuwonetsa kudzipereka kwake pantchito zaluso. Ngakhale kuti ndalama zopangira zinthu sizikupezeka, kupangidwa mwaluso kwa chosema kumasonyeza kuti pali ndalama zambiri.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "The Thinker" yagulitsidwa pamitengo yosiyana. Mu 2010, gulu la bronze lidatenga pafupifupi $15.3 miliyoni pakugulitsa, kutsimikizira kufunikira kwake pamsika waluso.

Kuyimira mphamvu ya kulingalira ndi kufunafuna luntha, "Woganiza" ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu la chikhalidwe ndi luso. Ikupitiriza kulimbikitsa omvera padziko lonse lapansi, kuyitanitsa kutanthauzira kwaumwini ndi kulingalira pa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kukumana ndi chosema ichi kumapangitsa chinkhoswe ndi chophiphiritsa chake chozama, choyimira ngati umboni waluso laluso la Rodin ndikupirira ngati chizindikiro chakuyang'ana komanso kufunafuna chidziwitso.

Bronco Buster

(Broncho Buster ndi Frederic Remington)

"Bronco Buster" ndi chojambula chodziwika bwino cha wojambula waku America Frederic Remington, wokondwerera chifukwa chojambula ku America West. Katswiriyu atha kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi, monga malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, ndi malo opezeka anthu ambiri.

Kujambula woweta ng'ombe molimba mtima atakwera bronco, "Bronco Buster" ikuwonetsa mphamvu komanso mzimu wodziwikiratu wanthawi yamalire. Chojambulacho chili pafupifupi ma 73 centimeters (28.7 mainchesi) ndi kulemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 70 (154 pounds), chosemacho chimapereka chitsanzo cha chidwi cha Remington ku mwatsatanetsatane komanso luso lazosemasema zamkuwa.

Kupangidwa kwa "Bronco Buster" kunaphatikizapo njira yovuta komanso yaluso, yomwe imafuna luso lapadera ndi zothandizira. Ngakhale tsatanetsatane wa mtengo wake palibe, mawonekedwe ake ngati moyo wa chosemawo akutanthauza kuti padzakhala ndalama zambiri panthawi komanso zida.

Remington adadzipereka kwambiri kuti akwaniritse ziboliboli zake, nthawi zambiri amakhala milungu kapena miyezi pazidutswa zilizonse kuti zitsimikizire zowona komanso kuchita bwino. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yeniyeni ya "Bronco Buster" sikudziwika, zikuwonekeratu kuti kudzipereka kwa Remington pakuchita bwino kunawala kudzera mu luso lake.

Ndi kufunikira kwake kwa chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale, "Bronco Buster" ikuyimira mzimu wovuta komanso wolimba mtima wa Kumadzulo kwa America. Zakhala ngati chizindikiro chosatha cha nthawi yamalire, zokopa anthu okonda zaluso komanso okonda mbiri yakale.ntent

Kukumana ndi "Bronco Buster" m'malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, kapena malo opezeka anthu ambiri kumapereka chithunzithunzi chochititsa chidwi cha dziko lochititsa chidwi la America West. Ndichiwonetsero chofanana ndi chamoyo komanso nyimbo zamphamvu zomwe zimalimbikitsa owonerera kuti agwirizane ndi mzimu wa cowboy ndi mphamvu zosasunthika za bronco, kupereka ulemu ku chuma chambiri cha malire a Kumadzulo.

Boxer pa Mpumulo

"Boxer at Rest," yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "The Terme Boxer" kapena "The Seated Boxer," ndi chosema chakale chachi Greek chomwe chikuwonetsa luso ndi luso lanthawi yachi Greek. Zithunzi zochititsa chidwizi zikusungidwa mu Museo Nazionale Romano ku Rome, Italy.

Chojambulachi chikuwonetsa wotopa komanso womenyedwa wankhonya atakhala pansi, zomwe zimatengera momwe masewerawa amakhudzira thupi komanso malingaliro. Kuyimirira pafupifupi 131 centimeters (51.6 mainchesi) kutalika, "Boxer at Rest" imapangidwa ndi bronze ndipo imalemera pafupifupi 180 kilograms (397 pounds), kusonyeza luso lazosema panthawiyo.

Kupanga "Boxer at Rest" kunafunikira luso laukadaulo komanso kusamalitsa mwatsatanetsatane. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yeniyeni yopangira nkhonyayi sinadziwike, zikuwonekeratu kuti idafunikira luso komanso khama kuti igwire momwe wosewerayo amawonekera komanso momwe akumvera.

Pankhani ya mtengo wa kupanga, mfundo zenizeni sizipezeka mosavuta chifukwa cha chiyambi chake chakale. Komabe, kupanganso chosema chovuta choterechi ndi chatsatanetsatane kukanafuna zinthu zambiri komanso ukatswiri.

Pankhani ya mtengo wake wogulitsa, monga chojambula chakale, "Boxer at Rest" sichipezeka kuti chikugulitsidwa mwanjira yachikhalidwe. Kufunika kwake m'mbiri ndi chikhalidwe kumapangitsa kukhala luso lamtengo wapatali, kusunga cholowa ndi luso lachigiriki cha nthawi ya Agiriki. Komabe, Replicas zilipo zogulitsidwa ku The Marbleism House.

"Boxer at Rest" ndi umboni wa luso lapadera ndi luso la ojambula akale achi Greek. Kutopa kwake komanso kusinkhasinkha kwa woponya nkhonya kumabweretsa chifundo komanso kusilira mzimu wamunthu.

Kukumana ndi "Boxer at Rest" ku Museo Nazionale Romano kumapatsa alendo chithunzithunzi chaluso laluso la Greece wakale. Kuyimilira kofanana ndi moyo komanso kuzama kwamalingaliro kukupitilizabe kukopa okonda zaluso ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale, kusunga cholowa chazojambula zakale zachi Greek kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo.

Mermaid wamng'ono

"The Little Mermaid" ndi chiboliboli chokondedwa cha mkuwa chomwe chili ku Copenhagen, Denmark, pamakwerero a Langelinie. Chojambula chodziwika bwino ichi, chochokera ku nthano ya Hans Christian Andersen, chakhala chizindikiro cha mzindawo komanso malo otchuka okopa alendo.

The Little Mermaid itaima pamtunda wa mamita 1.25 (4.1 mapazi) ndi kulemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 175 (385 pounds), imasonyeza mermaid atakhala pa thanthwe, akuyang'ana nyanja mwachidwi. Kuwoneka bwino kwa chibolibolichi komanso mawonekedwe ake okongola amakopa chidwi cha nthano ya Andersen.

Kupanga "The Little Mermaid" kunali ntchito yogwirizana. Wosemasema Edvard Eriksen anapanga chibolibolicho potengera kapangidwe ka mkazi wa Edvard, Eline Eriksen. Chosemacho chinavumbulutsidwa pa August 23, 1913, patatha pafupifupi zaka ziwiri za ntchito.

ContMtengo wopangira "The Little Mermaid" sukupezeka mosavuta. Komabe, zimadziwika kuti fanolo lidathandizidwa ndi Carl Jacobsen, yemwe anayambitsa Carlsberg Breweries, monga mphatso ku mzinda wa Copenhagen.ent

Pankhani ya mtengo wogulitsa, "The Little Mermaid" sinapangidwe kuti igulidwe. Ndizojambula zapagulu zomwe zili mumzinda komanso nzika zake. Kufunika kwake pachikhalidwe komanso kulumikizana ndi cholowa cha Denmark kumapangitsa kukhala chizindikiro chamtengo wapatali osati chinthu chochita malonda.

"Mbalame Yaing'ono" yakumana ndi zovuta zambiri m'zaka zapitazi, kuphatikizapo kuwononga katundu ndi kuyesa kuchotsa kapena kuwononga fanolo. Komabe, yapirira ndipo ikupitiriza kukopa alendo ochokera m’mayiko osiyanasiyana amene amabwera kudzasirira kukongola kwake n’kumachita chidwi ndi nthano zake.

Kukumana ndi "The Little Mermaid" paulendo wa Langelinie kumapereka mwayi wolodzedwa ndi matsenga a nkhani ya Andersen. Kukopa kosatha kwa chiboliboli komanso kugwirizana kwake ndi zolemba ndi chikhalidwe cha Denmark kumapangitsa kuti chikhale chithunzi chokondedwa komanso chokhalitsa chomwe chimakopa chidwi cha onse obwera kudzacheza.

Wokwera Pahatchi wa Bronze

Chipilala cha Bronze Horseman Monument, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chiboliboli chokwera pamahatchi cha Peter Wamkulu, ndi chosema chokongola kwambiri chomwe chili ku St. Petersburg, ku Russia. Ili ku Senate Square, malo odziwika bwino komanso odziwika bwino mumzindawu.

Chipilalachi chili ndi chiboliboli chamkuwa chokulirapo kuposa moyo wa Peter Wamkulu atakwera pahatchi yoweta. Chifanizirocho chili pamtunda wochititsa chidwi wa mamita 6.75 (22.1 mapazi), chifanizirocho chimagwira kukhalapo kwamphamvu ndi kutsimikiza kwa mfumu ya ku Russia.

Cholemera pafupifupi matani 20, Chikumbutso cha Bronze Horseman ndi chodabwitsa chaumisiri. Pankafunika luso lalikulu ndiponso luso kuti apange chosema chochititsa chidwi kwambiri choterechi, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa monga chinthu choyambirira kumawonjezera kukongola kwake ndi kukhalitsa.

Kupanga chipilalacho kunatenga nthawi yaitali komanso mosamala kwambiri. Wosemasema wa ku France Étienne Maurice Falconet anapatsidwa ntchito yopanga chibolibolicho, ndipo zinamutengera zaka zoposa 12 kuti amalize. Chipilalachi chinatsegulidwa mu 1782, ndipo chinakhala chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za St.

Ngakhale kuti mtengo weniweni wa kupanga sichikupezeka mosavuta, zimadziwika kuti ntchito yomanga chipilalacho idathandizidwa ndi Catherine Wamkulu, yemwe anali woyang'anira zaluso komanso wothandizira kwambiri cholowa cha Peter Wamkulu.

Chikumbutso cha Bronze Horseman chili ndi mbiri yakale komanso chikhalidwe cha Russia. Zimayimira mzimu wochita upainiya wa Peter Wamkulu, yemwe adathandizira kwambiri pakusintha ndi kukonzanso dziko. Chifanizirochi chakhala chizindikiro cha mzindawu komanso ulemu wokhalitsa kwa mmodzi wa atsogoleri otchuka kwambiri ku Russia.

Kukaona chipilala cha Bronze Horseman Monument kumapangitsa alendo kuyamikira kukhalapo kwake kwabwino komanso kusirira luso laluso lomwe linapangidwa popanga. Monga chizindikiro chodziwika bwino ku St. Petersburg, ikupitirizabe kuchititsa mantha ndi kulemekeza, kusonyeza mbiri yakale ndi zojambulajambula za Russia.