England marble fano

Chojambula choyambirira cha Baroque ku England chinakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa othawa kwawo ochokera ku Nkhondo za Chipembedzo ku kontinenti. Mmodzi mwa osemasema achingelezi oyamba kutengera kalembedwe kameneka anali Nicholas Stone (Wodziwikanso kuti Nicholas Stone the Elder) (1586-1652). Iye anaphunzira ntchito yosemasema ndi wosemasema wina wachingelezi, Isaak James, ndipo kenako mu 1601 ndi wosemasema wotchuka wachidatchi Hendrick de Keyser, amene anakakhala kumalo opatulika ku England. Stone anabwerera ku Holland ndi de Keyser, anakwatira mwana wake wamkazi, ndipo adagwira ntchito mu studio yake ku Dutch Republic mpaka atabwerera ku England mu 1613. a Lady Elizabeth Carey (1617-18) ndi manda a Sir William Curle (1617). Mofanana ndi osema a ku Dutch, iye anasinthanso kugwiritsa ntchito marble wakuda ndi woyera wosiyanitsa m'zipilala za maliro, zojambulajambula mosamala, ndi nkhope ndi manja okhala ndi chilengedwe chodabwitsa ndi zenizeni. Pa nthawi yomweyi ankagwira ntchito yosemasema, anagwirizananso ngati katswiri wa zomangamanga ndi Inigo Jones. [28]

Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 1800, wosemasema wa Anglo-Dutch ndi wosema mitengo Grinling Gibbons (1648 - 1721), yemwe ayenera kuti anaphunzitsidwa ku Dutch Republic anapanga ziboliboli zofunika kwambiri za Baroque ku England, kuphatikizapo Windsor Castle ndi Hampton Court Palace, St. Paul's Cathedral ndi matchalitchi ena aku London. Ambiri mwa ntchito zake ndi laimu (Tilia) matabwa, makamaka kukongoletsa Baroque garlands.[29] Dziko la England linalibe sukulu yopangira ziboliboli yapanyumba yomwe ikanatha kupereka manda akuluakulu, ziboliboli ndi zipilala kwa amuna anzeru (otchedwa English worthies). Chotsatira chake, osema a ku kontinenti adagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ziboliboli za Baroque ku England. Osema osiyanasiyana a ku Flemish anali akugwira ntchito ku England kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 17, kuphatikizapo Artus Quellinus III, Antoon Verhuke, John Nost, Peter van Dievoet ndi Laurens van der Meulen.[30] Ojambula awa a Flemish nthawi zambiri ankagwirizana ndi ojambula am'deralo monga Gibbons. Chitsanzo ndi chiboliboli cha okwera pamahatchi cha Charles II chimene Quellinus ayenera kuti anachokota mapanelo amiyala ya nsangalabwi, pambuyo pa mapangidwe a Gibbons.[31]

M'zaka za zana la 18, kalembedwe ka Baroque kukapitirizidwa ndi kuwonjezereka kwatsopano kwa ojambula akukontinenti, kuphatikiza osema a Flemish Peter Scheemakers, Laurent Delvaux ndi John Michael Rysbrack ndi Mfalansa Louis François Roubiliac (1707-1767). Rysbrack anali m'modzi mwa ojambula otsogola a zipilala, zokongoletsera zamamangidwe ndi zithunzi mu theka loyamba la zaka za zana la 18. Kalembedwe kake kanaphatikiza Flemish Baroque ndi zikoka Zachikale. Iye anagwira ntchito msonkhano wofunika amene linanena bungwe anasiya chizindikiro chofunika pa mchitidwe chosema mu England.[32] Roubiliac adafika ku London c. 1730, ataphunzitsidwa pansi pa Balthasar Permoser ku Dresden ndi Nicolas Coustou ku Paris. Anadziŵika monga wosema zithunzi ndipo pambuyo pake anagwiranso ntchito pazipilala za kumanda.[33] Ntchito zake zodziwika bwino zidaphatikizapo kuphulika kwa wolemba nyimbo Handel, [34] wopangidwa nthawi ya moyo wa Handel kwa woyang'anira Vauxhall Gardens ndi manda a Joseph ndi Lady Elizabeth Nightengale (1760). Lady Elizabeti adamwalira momvetsa chisoni chifukwa cha kubereka kwabodza komwe kudachitika ndi mphezi mu 1731, ndipo chipilala chamalirocho chidagwira mowona njira za imfa yake. Ziboliboli zake ndi ziboliboli zinkasonyeza anthu ake mmene analili. Anali ovala zovala wamba ndi kupatsidwa kaimidwe kachibadwa ndi kawonekedwe, popanda zodzionetsera za ngwazi.[35] Zithunzi zake zimawonetsa chidwi chachikulu ndipo motero zinali zosiyana ndi chithandizo cha Rysbrack
613px-Lady_Elizabeth_Carey_tomb

Hans_Sloane_bust_(wodulidwa)

Sir_John_Cutler_in_Guildhall_7427471362


Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-24-2022