Kudera lonse la United States, ziboliboli za atsogoleri a Confederate ndi anthu ena am'mbiri okhudzana ndi ukapolo komanso kuphedwa kwa nzika zaku America zikugwetsedwa, kuwonongedwa, kuwonongedwa, kusamutsidwa kapena kuchotsedwa kutsatira ziwonetsero zokhudzana ndi imfa ya George Floyd, munthu wakuda, apolisi. m'ndende pa Meyi 25 ku Minneapolis.

Ku New York, American Museum of Natural History idalengeza Lamlungu kuti ichotsa fano la Theodore Roosevelt, Purezidenti wa 26 waku US, kunja kwa khomo lake lalikulu. Chifanizirochi chikuwonetsa Roosevelt atakwera pamahatchi, atazunguliridwa ndi African American ndi Native American akuyenda wapansi. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale sinanenebe zomwe idzachita ndi fanolo.

Ku Houston, ziboliboli ziwiri za Confederate m'mapaki a anthu zachotsedwa. Chimodzi mwa ziboliboli zimenezo, Mzimu wa Confederacy, chiboliboli cha mkuwa choimira mngelo wokhala ndi lupanga ndi nthambi ya kanjedza, chinaima ku Sam Houston Park kwa zaka zoposa 100 ndipo tsopano chiri mu nyumba yosungiramo katundu mumzinda.

Mzindawu wakonza zoti chifanizirochi chisamutsire ku Houston Museum of African American Culture.

Pomwe ena amayitanitsa ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti achotse ziboliboli za Confederate, ena amaziteteza.

Ku Richmond, Virginia, chiboliboli cha Confederate General Robert E. Lee chasanduka malo omenyera nkhondo. Ochita ziwonetsero adalamula kuti fanolo lichotsedwe, ndipo Bwanamkubwa wa Virginia Ralph Northam adalamula kuti achichotse.

Komabe, lamuloli lidaletsedwa pomwe gulu la eni malo lidasumira kukhothi la federal likunena kuti kuchotsa chibolibolicho kungachepetse mtengo wa katundu wozungulira.

Woweruza wa Federal Bradley Cavedo adagamula sabata yatha kuti chibolibolicho ndi katundu wa anthu potengera zomwe zidachitika mu 1890. Adapereka lamulo loletsa boma kuti lisachotse chigamulo chomaliza chisanaperekedwe.

Kafukufuku wa 2016 wochitidwa ndi Southern Poverty Law Center, bungwe lochirikiza zamalamulo lopanda phindu, adapeza kuti panali zizindikiro zoposa 1,500 za Confederate zapagulu kudutsa US mu mawonekedwe a ziboliboli, mbendera, ziphaso za boma, mayina asukulu, misewu, mapaki, tchuthi. ndi malo ankhondo, makamaka ku South.

Chiwerengero cha ziboliboli ndi zipilala za Confederate panthawiyo zinali zopitilira 700.

Maganizo osiyanasiyana

Bungwe la National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, bungwe loona za ufulu wa anthu, lapempha kuti zizindikiro za Confederate zichotsedwe m'malo aboma ndi aboma kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana amomwe mungachitire ndi zinthu zakale zakale.

"Ndakhumudwa ndi izi chifukwa ichi ndi chiwonetsero cha mbiri yathu, ichi ndi chiwonetsero cha zomwe timaganiza kuti zili bwino," anatero Tony Brown, pulofesa wakuda wa chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso mtsogoleri wa Racism and Racial Experiences Workgroup ku Rice University. "Nthawi yomweyo, titha kukhala ndi bala pagulu, ndipo sitikuganiza kuti zili bwino ndipo tikufuna kuchotsa zithunzizo."

Pamapeto pake, a Brown adati akufuna kuti zibolibolizo zikhalebe.

"Timakonda kubisa mbiri yathu. Timakonda kunena kuti kusankhana mitundu si gawo la zomwe ife tiri, osati gawo la mapangidwe athu, osati gawo la makhalidwe athu. Ndiye mukachotsa chiboliboli, mumadetsa mbiri yathu, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, zimachititsa kuti amene akusuntha chibolibolicho aziona kuti achita mokwanira,” adatero.

Kusapangitsa kuti zinthu zichoke koma kupangitsa kuti zinthu ziwonekere ndi momwe mumapangitsira anthu kumvetsetsa momwe kusankhana mitundu kulili kozama, akutero a Brown.

“Ndalama za dziko lathu zimapangidwa ndi thonje, ndipo ndalama zathu zonse zimasindikizidwa ndi azungu, ndipo ena mwa iwo anali akapolo. Mukawonetsa umboni wamtunduwu, mumati, dikirani kaye, timalipira zinthu ndi thonje losindikizidwa ndi eni akapolo. Ndiye muwona momwe tsankho liri lozama," adatero.

James Douglas, pulofesa wa zamalamulo ku Texas Southern University komanso pulezidenti wa mutu wa Houston wa NAACP, akufuna kuti ziboliboli za Confederate zichotsedwe.

"Iwo alibe chochita ndi Civil War. Zibolibolizo zinamangidwa pofuna kulemekeza asilikali a Confederate komanso kuti anthu a ku America adziwe kuti azungu ndi omwe amalamulira. Anamangidwa kuti awonetse mphamvu zomwe azungu anali nazo pa anthu aku Africa America,” adatero.

Chigamulo chinaipiraipira

Douglas nayenso amatsutsa ganizo la Houston losuntha fano la Spirit of the Confederacy kupita ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale.

"Fanoli ndi lolemekeza ngwazi zomwe zidamenyera ufulu wa boma, makamaka omwe adamenya nkhondo kuti Afirika Achimereka akhale akapolo. Kodi mukuganiza kuti alipo amene anganene kuti aike chiboliboli m’nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale za Holocaust Museum imene inati chibolibolichi anachiimika pofuna kulemekeza anthu amene anapha Ayuda m’chipinda cha mpweya?” anafunsa.

Ziboliboli ndi zikumbutso ndizolemekeza anthu, adatero Douglas. Kungowaika kumalo osungiramo zinthu zakale a ku Africa America sikuchotsa mfundo yakuti zibolibolizo zimawalemekeza.

Kwa Brown, kusiya ziboliboli m'malo mwake sikulemekeza munthu ameneyo.

"Kwa ine, zimatsutsa bungweli. Mukakhala ndi chifaniziro cha Confederate, sichinena chilichonse chokhudza munthuyo. Ikunena chinachake chokhudza utsogoleri. Limanena chinachake ponena za aliyense amene anasaina nawo pa chifanizirocho, aliyense amene ananena kuti chifanizirocho ndi chake. Sindikuganiza kuti mukufuna kufafaniza mbiri imeneyo,” adatero.

Brown adati anthu akuyenera kuthera nthawi yochulukirapo ndikuganizira momwe zilili kuti "tidaganiza kuti awa ndi ngwazi zathu poyambira, poganizira momwe tawonera kuti zithunzizo zinali zabwino".

Gulu la Black Lives Matter likukakamiza America kuti iwunikenso zakale kuposa ziboliboli za Confederate.

HBO idachotsa kwakanthawi filimu ya 1939 ya Gone with the Wind kuchokera pazopereka zake zapaintaneti sabata yatha ndipo ikukonzekera kutulutsanso filimu yapamwambayi ndikukambirana za mbiri yake. Filimuyi yadzudzulidwa chifukwa cholemekeza ukapolo.

Komanso, sabata yatha, Quaker Oats Co adalengeza kuti ikuchotsa chifaniziro cha mkazi wakuda kuchokera pamatumba a syrup wazaka 130 wazaka zakubadwa ndi pancake mix brand Aunt Jemima ndikusintha dzina lake. Mars Inc inatsatira zomwezo pochotsa chithunzi cha munthu wakuda m'paketi ya mtundu wake wotchuka wa mpunga wa Uncle Ben's ndipo adati isintha.

Mitundu iwiriyi idatsutsidwa chifukwa cha zithunzi zawo zofananira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito maulemu owonetsa nthawi yomwe azungu akumwera adagwiritsa ntchito "azakhali" kapena "amalume" chifukwa sanafune kutchula anthu akuda kuti "Bambo" kapena "Akazi".

Onse a Brown ndi Douglas amawona kusuntha kwa HBO kukhala kwanzeru, koma amawona kusuntha kwa mabungwe awiri azakudya mosiyana.

Chiwonetsero choyipa

"Ndi chinthu choyenera kuchita," adatero Douglas. "Tili ndi makampani akuluakulu kuti azindikire zolakwika za njira zawo. Iwo ali (akunena), 'Tikufuna kusintha chifukwa timazindikira kuti ichi ndi chithunzi cholakwika cha African American.' Iwo azindikira tsopano ndipo akuwachotsa.”

Kwa a Brown, kusunthaku ndi njira ina chabe kuti mabungwe azigulitsa zinthu zambiri.

Anthu ochita ziwonetsero amayesa kugwetsa chiboliboli cha Andrew Jackson, Purezidenti wakale wa US, ku Lafayette Park kutsogolo kwa White House paziwonetsero zosagwirizana pakati pa mitundu ku Washington, DC, Lolemba. JOSHUA ROBERTS/REUTERS